1
2
  -2021
..  
  II
  :    : 100
:               
-
1.              
   ?
2.          , , ,  
        
-
3. (i)        
(ii)         28 ,     
      
 .000 
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
 

12
18
27
_____
17
6
4. (i)   ?       
(ii)               
     

0-10
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
2
2

4
18
42
45
31
20
8
6
-
5. (i)           
(ii)           

39
65
62
90
82
75
25
98
36
78

47
53
58
86
62
68
60
91
51
84
6. (i)            ?
(ii)     ,          
 
7.(i)       ?      ?
(ii) 2009-10  2010-11   , ,     
 
 


0
1
1
1
2
4
0
10
5
 1
5
2
8.(i)        
(ii)                

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

80
90
92
83
94
99
92
3
2
  -2021
..  
  II
  :    : 100
:               
-
1.              
   ?
:     
  ?
,        ,  ,    
             ,     
    ,           
        
     ?
         ,     ,    ,  
,              
   
    :
                 
               , 
              -     
     
4
2
        
1.    
                
  ,             ,    
       
:
  (      )    
,              
    
   ,           
2.     
                 
    ,             
       
:
             ,   
     
              ,   
    
              
     
3.  
             
            :
   
 
   
:
              ,   
5
2
                
  
4. 
  

        ,  ,    
            
:
   
      ,       
    ,           
   
5.  
              :
 
   
 
:
          ,        
    
6.    
                 
           
    
:
            20%    , 
            
7.    
   ,          
   
:
                  
    ,           
6
2
8. 
    
   ,           
 
:
               ,   
                
9.     
      ,        
   
:
      ,        
    
       ,     :
1.            ,
      
2.    :         
 
3. ,              
    
   
  ?
                
    ,          ,  
             
 
              
   
1.  
        
7
2
:
      ( , , 
, )
   .
2.  
  (, , )       
:
        
    10      
3.  
               
  
:
         (, , , )
       ( , , , )
4.  
        
:
         (₹10,000  , ₹10,000-₹50,000, ₹50,000 
)
       (0-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100)
 
              
    
  
1. :       
2.  :    .
3.  :   .
4.  :     .
8
2
   

 ( )
2010
121
2015
130
2020
138
          
    
      
      (,       )
    (  ,      )

        ,    
            
           ,    
  ,    ,   
2.          , , ,  
        
:1.  
               ,    
              
   
:
              :
: 30%
: 20%
9
2
: 25%
: 25%
      ,          
  
2.  
      -          
    ,               
 
:
    :
: $2000
: $3000
: $2500
: $4000
:
10
2
  ()
3. 
        ,          
            ,       
:
       :
0-20: 5 
20-40: 10 
40-60: 15 
60-80: 20 
80-100: 10 
:
11
2
4.  
              
           
:
        :
: 10, 30, 50, 70, 90
: 5, 10, 15, 20, 10
:
5.   (  )
               
             

:
    :
0-20: 5
0-40: 15 (5 + 10)
0-60: 30 (15 + 15)
0-80: 50 (30 + 20)
0-100: 60 (50 + 10)
12
2
:
 
  :
 :       
:      
:          
        .
 :      
-
3. (i)        
(ii)         28 ,      
    
 .000 
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
 

12
18
27
_____
17
6
: (i)    :   

   ,             
          ,        
13
2
    ,             , 
          
               
                  
   :
1.  )
2.  ( )
3.   (       )
          -       
            -   

1.  ()
  ?
 (     )             
            
  :
  :
                : 50, 60,
70, 80  90
           :
1.    :
50+60+70+80+90=350
2.       ( 5 ):

   70
14
2
    :
               
                
  :
󷃆󼽢      
󷃆󼽢        ,       
  :
󽅂  ()     ,    50   0 
  ,     
2.  ( )
  ?
             ,  
        ,     
  :
   : 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
1.        (  )
2.    : 70 (   )  ,   70
       ?   : 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
1.    70  80
2.    :
 

  75 
    :
             ,   
        
      ,          
      
15
2
  :
󷃆󼽢  ()   
󷃆󼽢   (      )   
  :
󽅂         ,        

3.  (     )
  ?
                  ( ),
  ( )      ( )  
  :
    : 50, 60, 70, 70, 80, 90, 70 70       
   ,  = 70.
   :
1.    :         ,     : 2,
4, 6, 8, 10 (       )
2.   :          ,  
    : 2, 4, 4, 6, 8, 8, 10 →   = 4  8 (   
)
    :
    ,       
         
  :
󷃆󼽢   (,  ,     )       
󷃆󼽢    
  :
󽅂               ,   
     
16
2
,     

  
...
 
?

 )
    
 

  
 ()
     


   
 ( 
)
  


   
 
     ?
          :
:   (,  )
:      (,   )
:              (, 
      )

    (,   )        
                  ,
          
           ,    
      ,        ,   
    
17
2
(ii)         28 ,     
      
 .000 
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
 

12
18
27
_____
17
6
:  1:     
      -         ( 
)  ,   (30-40      )     
       () 28 
     :
  (. 000)
   ()
0 - 10
12
10 - 20
18
20 - 30
27
30 - 40
 ()
40 - 50
17
50 - 60
6
     :
:
  (28   )
 (     ) 
       .
     
∑f   .
18
2
 2: 
 
     ,         (x)   :
  (. 000)

(x)
 (f)
0 - 10

12
10 - 20
 

18
20 - 30
 

27
30 - 40
 


40 - 50
 

17
50 - 60
 

6
 3: ∑fx\sum fx∑fx   
,         
  (. 000)

(x)
 (f)
0 - 10
5
12
12 x 5 = 60
10 - 20
15
18
18 x 15 = 270
20 - 30
25
27
27 x 25 = 675
30 - 40
35

 x 35 = 35f
40 - 50
45
17
17 x 45 = 765
50 - 60
55
6
6 x 55 = 330
19
2
,    :
   (  ):
 4:    
      :
    :
, f   :
  :
   20
 5:   
          ,    
 :
20
2
:
=     
=   
=      
=    
=    (,    10)
 5.1:    
   NNN   ,    :
,      50      ,     
  
  (. 000)
 (f)
  ()
0 - 10
12
12
10 - 20
18
12 + 18 = 30
20 - 30
27
30 + 27 = 57
30 - 40
20
57 + 20 = 77
40 - 50
17
77 + 17 = 94
50 - 60
6
94 + 6 = 100
 50, 30  57    ,    20-30
 5.2:   
L=20L (20-30   )
=100 =100
CF=30CF (20-30    )
f=27f (   )
h=10h ( )
21
2
 ,   27.41   
 
1.   (f) 20 
2.   27.41   
4. (i)   ?       
(ii)               
     

0-10
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90

4
18
42
45
31
20
8
6
: (i) :   (   )
  
                 
   ,              
          ,        
        
                   
                     ,
  ()      ,     
         
   ?
               
  -        :
1.  :   : 45, 47, 49, 51, 53
22
2
2.  :   : 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
   ,  () 49 ,   A ,  -    , 
 B ,                 
     
    
       :
1.     -        
2.     -             

,           
1.
:
                
:
:
           : 150, 160, 165, 170  175
                25  
   :
               
               
2.   ( - IQR)
:
  (     )    50%   
             
:
23
2
:
Q1 ( )      25%  
Q3 ( )      75%  
:
    : 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, :
1=301 = 301=30
3=553 = 553=55
IQR=55−30=25IQR = 55 - 30 = 25IQR=55−30=25
  :
   ()   ,      
  
        
 :
       
3.  
:
        ( )     
:
:
x =  
M =  ( )
n =   
:
     : 10, 20, 30, 40, 50.
= (10+20+30+40+50)/5=30
24
2
    :
:
 IQR   .
       .
 :
      
4.    

:
                

:
:
x =  
μ = 
n =   
:
   : 5, 10, 15.  = (5+10+15)/3=10
 
:
                
    
25
2
:
  :
:
       .
     .
 :
  ()   
5.   () -   
:
CV           
:
:
 1:  = 50,   = 10 2:  = 200,   = 20
  1  CV  ,    2     

                 
 :
   
    IQR  
    
          
      CV  
26
2
(ii)               
     

0-10
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90

4
18
42
45
31
20
8
6
:     
     ,         
1.    ?
  ()             ()  
   ,              
    ,         
    ,       
  :
     
 :  45  55      
 :    (90)   ,    (10) 
 
          ,   B       , 
    A      
2.   ()  ?
   (CV)              
           
..   :
             ,   
        , CV       
      
27
2
-- 
   :
 ( )
 (f)
0 - 10
4
10 - 20
6
20 - 30
18
30 - 40
42
40 - 50
45
50 - 60
31
60 - 70
20
70 - 80
8
80 - 90
6
 1: 
 
     ,           
      :
 
 (f)
 (x)
0 - 10
4
(0+10)/2 = 5
10 - 20
6
(10+20)/2 = 15
20 - 30
18
(20+30)/2 = 25
30 - 40
42
(30+40)/2 = 35
40 - 50
45
(40+50)/2 = 45
28
2
 
 (f)
 (x)
50 - 60
31
(50+60)/2 = 55
60 - 70
20
(60+70)/2 = 65
70 - 80
8
(70+80)/2 = 75
80 - 90
6
(80+90)/2 = 85
 2:   
       :
x (
)
f ()
× 
5
4
20
15
6
90
25
18
450
35
42
1470
45
45
2025
55
31
1705
65
20
1300
75
8
600
85
6
510
 3:    
    :
29
2
:
x =    
= 
f = 
󰇛
󰇜
=   
󰇛
󰇜
=  



()2
 ()2
5
4
-37.5
1406.25
5625
15
6
-27.5
756.25
4537.5
25
18
-17.5
306.25
5512.5
35
42
-7.5
56.25
2362.5
45
45
2.5
6.25
281.25
55
31
12.5
156.25
4843.75
65
20
22.5
506.25
10125
75
8
32.5
1056.25
8450
85
6
42.5
1806.25
10837.5
 4:   (CV)  
30
2
 
 = 42.5
  = 16.36
  = 38.49%

16.36        ,    16.36     
38.49%                 
-
5. (i)           
(ii)           

39
65
62
90
82
75
25
98
36
78

47
53
58
86
62
68
60
91
51
84
:   :   
                -
 -                  - 
        -    
  ?
      -        
              - -     
 , -   ,  -       
  
    ?    :
1.            
   :
 ,               
  
31
2
   ,           

 ,            
2.              :
             
  
           
              
3.       ,       
   :
             
             
               
  
             :
1.              
  ,       
:
-     ,      
          
-     ,        
 :
        
      
      
2.             
    ,         
:
-   ,       
32
2
-     ,       
-     ,        
 :
     
     
     
3.            ,   
       
:
              
             
            
 :
       
            
         
4.              
  
:
        
         
           
5. -               
       
:
      (  ,   )
    
         
33
2
   
           , -1  +1    :
+1      
-1     
0     

  
1. 
   
    
  
2.  
      
     
     
3. 
     
  
   
4. 
    
     
  
 :    -  
 ,         ,         
                 ,  
      -      ,       
    !
34
2

              
   ,         ,
(ii)           

39
65
62
90
82
75
25
98
36
78

47
53
58
86
62
68
60
91
51
84
: (ii)       :
 ,          :
 (X)
 ()
 - 
- Ȳ
( - )( - Ȳ)
( - 
( - Ȳ)²
39
47
-22.1
-24.9
550.29
488.41
620.01
65
53
3.9
-18.9
-73.71
15.21
357.21
62
58
0.9
-13.9
-12.51
0.81
193.21
90
86
28.9
14.1
407.49
835.21
199.21
82
62
20.9
-9.9
-206.91
436.81
98.01
75
68
13.9
-3.9
-54.21
193.21
15.21
25
60
-36.1
-11.9
429.59
1303.21
141.61
98
91
36.9
19.1
705.39
1361.61
365.01
36
51
-25.1
-20.9
524.59
630.01
436.81
78
84
16.9
12.1
204.49
285.61
146.41
              :
  :   
35
2
  ?
                  
                 
-            ,    
   
    :  
              
            -1  +1   :
+1       (    ,     )
0         (   )
-1       (   ,   )
-- 
     
     :
1.  ()   
o   (X
) =      ÷   
o   (Ȳ) =      ÷   
2.  
o        
o                 
3.    
o        
o            
4.  

o           
o        
5. 
             : r =
Σ(X - X
)(Y - Ų) ÷ √[Σ(X - X
)² * Σ(Y - Ų)²]

 
    :
36
2
           
              
         
  
     :
  10   
             
 
      ,     0.8547  
  
0.8547   1    ,   :
         
-   ,        
   73% (0.8547²)       
 
      :
           
        
        ( 1.0 )
  
 :
   -  
      
    ,    
    
    :
  
37
2
 
 
     
 
        :
0.0 - 0.3:  
0.3 - 0.7: 
0.7 - 1.0:  
  0.8547      ,        
 
6. (i)            ?
(ii)     ,          
:   :      
               -   
               
  ,           -  
 
:   
                
                  
  :
1.     , -      ,    
       
2.     : ,       
    
3.     -   ,   
    
38
2
    :
          
  -1  +1    
            
           
            
 :
0  0.3 ( -0.3):   
0.3  0.7 ( -0.3  -0.7):  
0.7  1 ( -0.7  -1):  
 :        -    
    (  ), -      
( ),  -            ( 
 )
:      
           ,     
                  
   
  :
1.   :           
2.  :            
 :      GPS       GPS 
            ,      
      
  - :
1.   
        
     
    
  
39
2
               
          
2.     
            
      
   
:               ,  
        
3. 
     
      
    
                
          
4.  
   
  
    
:             
      
5.   
    
    
   
              
           
     :
 - :
    
40
2
      
     
 (A  B   B  A )
:
     
    
              
      
     
  :
1.    -   
2.         
3.       
4.          
 :
             
         
:            
 , ,              
        ,     
    
 ,         ,      
       ,            
    
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2
(ii)    :   
:  :   
   
           ,       
  ,        , "       
           ?"       
    ()            
       
  ,             (
    )       (    
)          
      ,      ,    
   
    ?
         , , ,  
                 :
,              
            
           
         
   ,              
           
    
         :
1.   (Y):           
2.   (X):        
  ,         (X)       
  (Y)     ,        
               
   
     ,    :
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2
1.   
             (X)    
(Y)  
       : Y = a + bX
o Y =   (     )
o a =   ( )
o b =  (X      Y      )
o X =   (Y    )
                 
     ,               
        
2.   
               
 : Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + ... + bnXn
          (Y)     :
   (X1)
    (X2)
    (X3)
               
    
3.  
                  
  ,              
    ,        -  

4.  
           (/, /,
/)   
:                 

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2
   :        
                  
    
  (X)
 ()
100
500
200
800
300
1200
400
1500
       ,           
         :
 = 200 + 3 *  
  :
   (    ) 200
       ₹1     ₹3    
,     ₹500       ,      
   :  = 200 + (3 * 500) = ₹1700
           !
   
             :
1. :          
2. :          
3.    :  ( )      
4.    :            
      ,    
44
2
   
   -  :        ,
              ,
           ,   
          -          !
      :   
    
               


             
       ,       , 
            
 
7.(i)       ?      ?
(ii) 2009-10  2010-11   , ,     
 
 


0
1
1
1
2
4
0
10
5
 1
5
2
:  :   
                ,  
           !    
             
    
45
2
   ?
              
                ,  
                 100     
  (  )     ,        
    
      :
              ,  10    
           ,  15    , 
               
:
(15 ÷ 10) × 100 = 150
              50%  
   
1.                  
   :           
  2020 ,      $100  2024 ,      
$120  : (120 ÷ 100) × 100 = 120     2020 
  20%    
2.              :
   2020  1,000   2024  1,500      :
(1,500 ÷ 1,000) × 100 = 150    50%  
3.           :    
 2020  $100,000  2024  $150,000 ,   : (150,000 ÷
100,000) × 100 = 150    50%   
   
1.  
  
      
    
:    (CPI)            
-       CPI  ,        
  
46
2
2.  
     
  
        
:               
              
3.   
 
-     
       
:            
     
4.   
  
  
       -  
:  ,           
      
5.  
    
   
 -   
  500          
 
       
   :   = (  ÷  ) × 100
    :
          :
2020 ( ):   5    
2021:   5.50    
47
2
2022:    6   
2023:   6.75    
:
2020 : (5 ÷ 5) × 100 = 100 ( )
2021 : (5.50 ÷ 5) × 100 = 110
2022 :(6 ÷ 5) × 100 = 120
2023 : (6.75 ÷ 5) × 100 = 135
     2020      35%   
 
      ,       :
      
        
       
           
- 
           
              
         

          ,     
                 
             ,     , 
         ,    - 
       
48
2
(ii) 2009-10  2010-11   , ,     
 
 


0
1
1
1
2
4
0
10
5
 1
5
2
: (ii)     
 
      (  )        
  :
  (2009-10):
 : (P0) = 1,  (Q0) = 10
 : (P0) = 1,  (Q0) = 5
  (2010-11):
 : (P1) = 2,  (Q1) = 5
 : (P1) = 4,  (Q1) = 2
    ?
                
               
     
                
     $100       $110  ,  
        
    
1.   
     ( )        
                
 
49
2
 :
1.       
2.              
3.            100   
  :
   = (1 × 10) + (1 × 5) = 10 + 5 = 15
    (       ) = (2 × 10) + (4 × 5) = 20 + 20
= 40
  = (40 ÷ 15) × 100 = 266.67%
       166.67%   
2.   
                
           
 :
1.               
2.       
3.            100   
  :
   (        ) = (1 × 5) + (1 × 2) = 5 + 2 =
7
    = (2 × 5) + (4 × 2) = 10 + 8 = 18
  = (18 ÷ 7) × 100 = 257.14%
:       157.14%    
3.  
              
            
:
 = √( ×  ) = √(266.67 × 257.14) = √68,667.63 = 262.03%
50
2
               
  

 
               
   :
             
           
             
 
      
    
       
 
,            
:
  
     
  
       

       
         
       

               
 ,           ,   
      
                ,  
     ,         
  
51
2
8.(i)        
(ii)                

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

80
90
92
83
94
99
92
:       

,    ,          
              
    ,        ,
   , 
        
    ,         
              :
1.  
2.   
3.    (  )
4. - 
        ,          

1.  
               
             
     :
- ( )  (, , , )  
Y- ( )       (, , , )
         ,      
 ,     
52
2
:
                  
         ,         
   ,      
:
     
       
-     .
:
 ;      
           
2.   
    -          
     
     :
       (, 3 , 5 , )
            
        
:
    (, )         
        -     3    
 ,       ,   -   
 
:
 -   ,    
    
     
:
        
              
53
2
3.    (  )
                
      
     :
          (,       ) 
 
     -           

    :
:
o Y =    
o X =   (, , )
o a =  ( )
o b =      ()
:
 10          ,         
         ,           
          
:
    
          
               
:
      ,    
      , -      
4. - 
               
            
54
2
     :
        
     
       
             
:
  10            ( 5
   5 )    ,     ,     
     ,        
:
    
         
:
     
             ,   

  

  
 
 
   
 
 
 -  
    
   
    
   
-
  
 

                
  ,          
 ,       
  -      
55
2
            

       -      

(ii)                

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

80
90
92
83
94
99
92
:       
            ,    
               ,   , 
  -   ?          
  ,           
                 
                
        
       ,         
:
=       
=   (      X = 0)
=  (      )
X =  (    )
    -- 
,                 

56
2
 1:      
2005, 2006        ,      ,   
  ,          :
2005   X=−3
2006   X=−2
2007   X=−1
2008   X=0 (       )
2009   X=1X
2010   X=2X
2011   X=3X
      

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
 ()
80
90
92
83
94
99
92
 2:     
,    :
1. X   :
 X     0 ,     
2. Y    (   ):
3. X×Y    ( X   Y       ):
4. X2    ( X        ):
57
2
 3: a  b     
      :
 N     (   7)
1. (    )  :
 ,   a=90,       (2008)     90
2. b (   )  :
         2    
 4:   
    a=90  b=2b ,  -      :
=90+2
            
 5:       
                   :
1. 2005   (X = -3):
  84 ,   80  
2. 2006   (X = -2):
  86 ,   90  
58
2
3. 2009   (X = 1):
  94 ,    
         ,     ,  
   -  
     
1.    :
     ,  2012, 2013       
 
o 2012   (X = 4):
Y=90+2(4)=98  , 2012     98  
2.   :
o     ,          
o     ,         
 
3.    :
o         ,  ( 
     )  
  :
                
              ,     
      ,        -  -    ,
      

                 
        ,        2
               

:             ( )       
         ,             